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斯坦福研究：22~25 岁职场新人受 AI 冲击最大，高等教育可缓冲影响_我的网站

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    A photo shows WuXi AppTec in the Waigaoqiao Bonded Area of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone. Photo: VCG
A US federal judge on Friday temporarily "barred the Pentagon from including Chinese biotechnology group WuXi AppTec on a list of companies believed to support Beijing's military," according to Reuters. Chinese experts said the ruling sends a positive signal for Chinese companies operating in the US, showing that Washington's arbitrary, fact-deficient national security blacklists are not beyond challenge and that firms should make greater use of legal means to defend their legitimate rights.
US District Judge James Boasberg issued an order blocking enforcement of the designation of WuXi in June after the company filed suit. WuXi in a statement welcomed the court's ruling, saying it "relieves us from the immediate adverse consequences" of the Defense Department's designation during the litigation. "We believe that the facts, as demonstrated in our court filings, will prevail after an objective and fair judicial review," a WuXi spokesperson said, according to the report. 
A South China Morning Post report noted that the ruling represents an early legal victory for one of China's largest pharmaceutical research and manufacturing service providers and a setback for Washington's expanding use of national-security restrictions against major Chinese commercial companies.
Gao Lingyun, a research fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times that the Pentagon's controversial "list-first, evidence-later" approach has bred massive operational uncertainty for Chinese enterprises conducting legitimate business in the US. By arbitrarily imposing restrictive labels before presenting credible proof, Washington creates an opaque and unpredictable regulatory environment that disrupts normal commercial expectations. 
The US Department of Defense released its updated Section 1260H list on June 8, marking the first time WuXi AppTec was formally included, alongside Alibaba, Baidu, BYD and Unitree Robotics, among others. 
On June 12, WuXi AppTec announced it had filed suit against the Department of Defense in the US District Court for the District of Columbia. The company said the department's decision was erroneous and lacked factual basis or support under applicable statutes and case law.
He Weiwen, a senior fellow at the Center for China and Globalization, noted that when Chinese companies face unfair and unjustified suppression in the US, they cannot rely solely on corporate statements or diplomatic representations; they must also protect themselves through legal means. Filing suit in federal court is entirely necessary and correct, he said.
"In the past, quite a few Chinese companies had nothing to do with so-called military matters but were hit with US countervailing and anti-dumping measures. Many won their cases after appealing to the Court of International Trade. Legal recourse is an indispensable tool and one we need to take more seriously," he said.
In January 2021, Xiaomi was placed on a similar Pentagon list. The Chinese company later announced on May 26, 2021 that a US court has removed the company's designation as a military-related company and lifted all restrictions on US persons buying or holding its stock, Reuters reported. 
The designation has so far had little impact on WuXi AppTec's business. The company reported on August 3 that first-half revenue rose 38.9 percent year-on-year to 28.9 billion yuan, while net profit attributable to shareholders climbed 29.4 percent to 11.08 billion yuan — its first half-year profit above the 10-billion-yuan mark, said media reports.
When asked about US placing several Chinese technology companies including Alibaba, Tencent, BYD, on a list of firms that it says aid China's military, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said that China firmly opposes the US overstretching the concept of national security and formulating various types of discriminatory lists to go after Chinese businesses. "We urge the US to correct its wrongdoings, and stop the unwarranted suppression of Chinese businesses. China will do what is necessary to firmly protect their legitimate and lawful rights and interests," said Lin. 
。     8 月 26 日消息，斯坦福数字经济实验室于 8 月 12 日更新论文，依托薪资服务商 ADP 覆盖数百万美国劳动者的高频薪资数据，揭示生成式 AI 普及后劳动力市场的真实变化，报告提示，应届与初入职场的年轻人正承受 AI 带来的最直接冲击。

B | 研究报告指出从整体来看，并未发现全美范围大规模岗位被 AI 替代的证据，严重冲击了年轻人的“第一梯级”就业。该报告指出在软件开发和客服等高影响职业中，相比较受人工智能影响较小的领域，22-25 岁年轻人的就业率落后约 19%，而 2025 年差距仅为 13%。与之对比，同一岗位的资深从业者没有出现同等就业缺口，就业保持平稳甚至有所上升。该研究认为入门级员工更容易受到冲击的部分原因，在于这些岗位依赖大量“编码化知识”。编码化知识指能够通过教育、教材或书面流程传授的正式、标准化、文档化知识。这类知识通常有明确规则，人工智能更容易参与或替代相关工作。对于 22 至 25 岁的年轻人来说，可以通过人工智能“自动化”的职业，其入门级就业率正大幅下降。对于人工智能仅起到“辅助”作用的工作岗位，入门级就业形势则要复杂得多。与之相对，默会知识（Tacit Knowledge）主要通过实践、导师指导以及反复接触真实场景获得。研究人员认为，人工智能在这类工作中更可能辅助经验丰富的员工，无法直接取代其经验判断。研究还显示，高等教育可以缓冲人工智能对就业的影响。附上参考地址广告声明：文内含有的对外跳转链接（包括不限于超链接、二维码、口令等形式），用于传递更多信息，节省甄选时间，结果仅供参考，包含外链的文章均包含本声明。

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